Explaining decisions, actions or use of money to stakeholders.

Referencia:[Monitoring and Evaluation in a nutshell, IFRC, 2007]

Action aimed at understanding a situation in order to identify the problem(s), the source of the problem(s), and the consequences of the problem(s).

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007].

Any physical, financial, human or social item of economic value owned by an individual or corporation, especially that which could be converted to cash. Assets can be categorized as human, physical, natural, financial and social.
Reference: [CALP Glossary calpnetwork.org]

Baseline data are initial information collected during an assessment. Baseline data include facts, numbers and description and permit the measurement of the impact of project implemented by comparing the situation that existed before and after project implementation.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

The concept of basic needs refers to the essential goods, utilities, services or resources required on a regular or seasonal basis by households for ensuring long term survival AND minimum living standards, without resorting to negative coping mechanisms or compromising their health, dignity and essential livelihood assets. Assistance to address basic needs might feasibly be delivered through a range of modalities, including cash, vouchers, in-kind and services. 
The Basic Needs Approach (BNA) views poverty as “deprivation of consumption” (inadequate food, nutrition, clean water, education, health, etc.) and is often opposed to the capability approach (CA) in which poverty is seen as “deprivation of opportunities” related to lifestyles people value. 
According to the BNA, absolute poverty is measured by comparing households’ consumption level to the absolute minimum resources necessary for physical and material well-being, usually in terms of consumption of goods and essential services. The poverty line is then defined as the amount of income required to satisfy those needs.
Reference: [CALP Glossary calpnetwork.org]

CVA refers to all programs where cash transfers or vouchers for goods or services are directly provided to recipients. In the context of humanitarian assistance, the term is used to refer to the provision of cash transfers or vouchers given to individuals, household or community recipients; not to governments or other state actors. This excludes remittances and microfinance in humanitarian interventions (although microfinance and money transfer institutions may be used for the actual delivery of cash).
The terms ‘cash’ or ‘cash assistance’ should be used when referring specifically to cash transfers only (i.e. ‘cash’ or ‘cash assistance’ should not be used to mean ‘cash and voucher assistance’).
This term has several synonyms (see Cash Based Interventions, Cash Based Assistance, and Cash Transfer Programming). Cash and Voucher Assistance is the recommended term.

The provision of assistance in the form of money - either physical currency or e-cash - to recipients (individuals, households or communities). Cash transfers are by definition unrestricted in terms of use and distinct from restricted modalities including vouchers and in-kind assistance
Reference: [CALP Glossary calpnetwork.org]

Commodity vouchers are exchanged for a fixed quantity and quality of specified goods or services at participating vendors. They may also be exchanged for commodities selected by recipients from a pre-determined list. Commodity vouchers share some similarities with in-kind aid in that they restrict and specify the assistance received.
Reference: [CALP Glossary calpnetwork.org]

Coping Strategies are mechanisms that people choose as a way of living through difficult times. Some coping strategies are easily reversible: for example, short-term dietary changes, migration of individuals for work, and use of savings or solidarity networks. Some coping strategies have longer-term consequences and may be damaging to livelihoods and to health: for example sell of productive assets (such as land, fishing tools, shop licence or delivery van), taking children out of school to send then to work (child labour) or beg, or prostitution. “Coping has come to indicate both current difficulties and a worsening situation, an early warning indication of what is yet to come” (Maxwell 2013) 

Reference: [Household Economic Security (HES) Technical Guidelines for Assessment Analysis and Programme Design - British Red Cross, 2020]

Early recovery refers to recovery assessment, planning and implementation of activities designed to strengthen and impact of our relief interventions and support disaster-affected people through the first few months following a disaster (relief to recovery transition).

Referencia:[Guidelines for Livelihoods Programming, IFRC, 2011]

Economic security is 'the condition of an individual, household or community that is able to cover its essential (economic) needs (including food) and unavoidable expenditures in a sustainable manner, according to its cultural standards'.

Referencia:[Household Economic Security (HES) Technical Guidelines for Assessment Analysis and Programme Design - British Red Cross, 2010 based on Micro-Economic Initiatives, ICRC, 2009]

Economic self-sufficiency implies that each individual has the means to insure sufficient revenue and increasing stability. That every member of the most vulnerable groups has a secure and sufficiently remunerated occupational activity as soon as possible.

Referencia:[Spanish Red Cross Guidelines on Economics Development, 2010]

The systematic and objective assessment of an ongoing or completed operation, programme or policy, its design, implementation and results. The aim is to determine the relevance and fulfilment of objectives, as well as efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

A group discussion among selected individuals with specialized knowledge on a specific issue, guided by a facilitator. Although the discussion may focus on a specific topic, the group members may talk freely and spontaneously about the issue.
Reference: [IFRC CVA ifrccva.org]

A person household or community, region or nation is food secure when all members at all times have physical, social and economic access to buy, produce, obtain or consume sufficient, safe and nutritious food to met their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy and active life.

Referencia:[Global food security assessment guidelines, IFRC 2007]

Gender refers to the social differences between females and males that are learned, and though deeply rooted in every culture, are changeable over time. Gender differences have wide variations both within and between cultures. Along with class and race, they determine the roles, power and resources for females and males in any society.

Referencia:[Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis]

Analysis that examines the relationships between females and males and their access to and control of resources, their roles and the constraints they face relative to each other. Gender analysis should be integrated into humanitarian needs assessments and all sector assessments or situational analyses to ensure that gender-based injustices and inequalities are not exacerbated by humanitarian interventions and that where possible greater equality and justice in gender relations are promoted.

Referencia:[Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis]

A strategy for ensuring that women's as well as men's concerns and experiences are an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of legislation, policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres. It is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action in all areas and at all levels, so that women and men benefit equally, and inequality is not perpetuated.

Referencia:[Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis]

Members of the same family unit sharing a common income/expenditure pot. (N.B. this definition may vary from context to context.)

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

The sum of ways in which households access, strengthen and maintain their cash and in-kind incomes to cover their essential needs (food, cash income, and assets such as savings, livestock, land etc).

Referencia:[Household Economic Security (HES) Technical Guidelines for Assessment Analysis and Programme Design - British Red Cross, 2010 based on Micro-Economic Initiatives, ICRC, 2009]

Quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement or to reflect the changes connected to an operation.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

Usual time of year when ability to access sufficient food is most difficult, e.g., for farmers before the harvest (during the rains) when the harvest from the previous year has been exhausted and prices of food are at their highest. For pastoralist, before the main rains when access to pasture and water and hence health of livestock are most critical.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

Refers to groups of households within a community who share similar assets and capacities through which they gain their means of living. Members of each livelihoods group have the same means of living.

References: [Household Economic Security (HES) Technical Guidance for Assessment and Analysis - British Red Cross, 2020

Livelihoods are the strategies that people use to utilize, and transfer assets to produce income today and deal with problems tomorrow. These strategies change and adapt in response to various shocks, external influences, institutional norms and rules, and other factors.

Referencia:[Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis]

A geographical area in which people broadly share the same patterns of access to food and income and have the same access to markets. People sharing the same patterns of access to food and incomes will be considered a livelihoods group. Livelihood Zones do not adhere to administrative boundaries; they are often more closely linked to agro-ecological and climatic conditions.

References: [Household Economic Security (HES) Technical Guidance for Assessment and Analysis - British Red Cross, 2020]

The field of economics that studies the behaviour of the aggregate economy. Macroeconomics examines economy-wide phenomena such as changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, gross domestic product, inflation and price levels.

Referencia:[Micro-Economic Initiatives, ICRC, 2009]

Research intended to understand how a market usually functions, how it has been impacted by a crisis and to identify the need for and most appropriate type of support. Research can include information on supply and demand, price changes and income/salary data.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

The branch of economics that analyses the market behaviour of individual consumer and firms in an attempt to understand the decision-making processes on firms and household. It is concerned with the interaction between individual buyers and sellers and the factors that influence the choices made by buyers and sellers.

Referencia:[Micro-Economic Initiatives, ICRC, 2009]

The provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers and insurance to poor and low-income households.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

The ongoing task of collecting and reviewing programme-related information. The data gathered during monitoring should allow for programmes to be adjusted as necessary. A monitoring plan should be established during the programme design and based on the programme goals, objectives and activities.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

An article that is capable of producing or allows for the production of an item or the provision of a service of economic value. Examples include land, equipment, materials, machinery, facilities (buildings), transport.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

The ability to purchase (this is usually defined by income).

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

Recovery (reconstruction and rehabilitation) refers to the medium to longer-term planning and implementation of substantive recovery programmes in the first year or longer, following a disaster.

Referencia:[Guidelines for Livelihoods Programming, IFRC, 2011]

Literally means elasticity of material, flexibility or the ability to recover. In humanitarian work, it refers to the capacity of people and communities to resist, cope with, and recover from, a disaster or conflict. More safety and resilience means less vulnerability.

Referencia:[IFRC guidelines for livelihoods programmingAdapted from: What is VCA? An introduction to vulnerability and capacity assessment, IFRC (2008)]

A graphical presentation of the months in which food, cash crop and other production or earning activities take place. Seasonal calendars can show when food and other input purchases take place, and key seasonal periods such as the rains, periods of peak illness and hunger. They can also be used to highlight other seasonal variations in market-systems such as changes in road access, costs of transport, demand for casual labour.

Referencia:[Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis]

A regular, predictable, non-contributory transfer usually provided in cash (and sometimes in kind) to poor or vulnerable households or individuals which aims to allow them to build assets to protect themselves and increase resilience against shocks and vulnerable periods of the life cycle.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

Sustainable livelihoods refer to people's capacity to generate and maintain their means of living, and enhance their own well-being as well as that of future generations.

Households have sustainable livelihoods when they can cope with and recover from shocks and economic stress, and can maintain their capabilities and assets without undermining their natural environment.

Referencia:[Guidelines for Livelihoods Programming, IFRC, 2011]

A group of potential clients sharing certain characteristics, tending to behave in similar ways and likely to be attracted to a specific combination of products and services.

Referencia:[Micro-Economic Initiatives, ICRC, 2009]

The mass of emergency-affected women, men and children who it is intended should ultimately benefit from the emergency response. Usually, these are the most vulnerable or severely affected individuals and households in a disaster area. Often, the target population is disaggregated into more clearly defined target groups with different situations and needs. Note: indirect humanitarian responses may involve assistance to market-actors who are not part of the target population.

Referencia:[Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis]

A value voucher has a denominated cash value and can be exchanged with participating vendors for goods or services of an equivalent monetary cost. Value vouchers tend to provide relatively greater flexibility and choice than commodity vouchers but are still inherently restricted as they can only be exchanged with designated vendors.

The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, environmental and political factors or processes, which increase risk and susceptibility of people to the impact of hazards.

Referencia:[Guidelines for cash transfer programming, IFRC/ICRC, 2007]

Group of household within a community who share similar assets and capacities to exploit the different food and income opportunities available in an area. Even when household practice the same livelihood activities, there are usually stratifications based on wealth that lead to different food, income and expenditure profiles and hence different vulnerabilities.

Referencia:[[Household Economic Security (HES) Technical Guidelines for Assessment Analysis and Programme Design - British Red Cross, 2010]