• Outcome

• Productivity enhancement

Change in target population production and/or production quality compared to a normal year or baseline level. This indicator is focused on production increase (or improvement) supported by different mechanisms (cash/in-kind productive assets, technical support, new or improved productive assets, etc.). • It includes staple crop, vegetable and agroforestry production support. • It includes livestock, fishing and pisciculture, aquaculture, apiculture, etc., support. • It includes the use of improved productive assets (e.g. improved seeds). • It includes group and individual IGA support (handicraft, by-products, primary production transformation, etc.). • It includes training and capacity building activities. • It includes household / community / productive association / MSME creation or reconstruction of productive infrastructures that allow the improvement of production (irrigation infrastructures, etc.). Definitions: • MSME: micro, small and medium enterprises (formal or informal) • IGA: income generation activities

Geography/Livelihoods zone; Gender, age, disabilities, chronic diseases (for individuals, associations members, etc.); Head of household’s gender, age, disabilities, chronic diseases, dependency ratio (for households), and any other relevant criteria, such as urban/rural context, religious, ethnic or political identities; Wealth groups; Livelihoods group (e.g. pastoralist, farmers, traders); Period to achieve the objective;

• Increase (number)

Both secondary and primary data collection can be used according to context. • Baseline/Endline. If multiyear programme consider also a mid-term evaluation. • Secondary data. Reliable/relevant sources from other actors, clusters or government (e.g. assessment information, reference to a normal situation). Unit of Measurement: Population, but can also be households or productive organisations, or MSME. If percentage: • Numerator: Number of target population that have improved their production (fixed threshold). • Denominator: Total number of target population Data Collection methods: Secondary data analysis; Household/productive organisations/etc. survey and Focus Group Discussion; Key informant interviews; Production monitoring reports/records.

• Income Generation Activities and Employment
• Primary production

X% handcraft target cooperatives (from those Y% are refugee members) in Bangui improve their production by Z% during the programme period. X target households (from those Y are women-headed) in Dawa province improve their staple crops production by Z% during the programme period due to the use of improved seeds.

Improvement/increase threshold must be defined in advance using baseline and secondary information. [primary production] Consider seasonal calendar to determine when to measure the indicator (e.g. main harvest, pests and diseases prevalence) If necessary, link the increase of productivity/or quality of the products with the new practices or technologies provided by the project/programme (e.g. new kind of cash crop) Note that improvement of quality should require some certification/quality tests.