• Outcome

• Increase and diversification of incomes

Change in target population income generation activities through participation in the programme.

Significant change in income sources suggests reduced vulnerability and increased food/income access and resilience.

Income sources breakdown most commonly used: sale of own production (crops, livestock, etc.), sale of wild gathered items, casual labour, skilled labour, salary, petty trade and commerce/business, value addition or transformation, loans, remittances, gifts and assistance.

• It includes any type of agro based, non-agro based, or service based income generation activity, can include market chain support, value addition or transformation etc.
• It includes agriculture and livestock diversification.
• It includes the diversification of production within the same livelihood activities (e.g. crop diversification)
• It includes access to employment.
• It includes activities to strengthen/create sources of income for active members of the household or for non-active members.

Income sources diversification can (or cannot) be accompanied by an increase of income. In this sense the last part of the indicator “[increasing their net income by (specify the improvement)]” is optional, depending on the programme/project objectives.

Definitions:

• MSME: micro, small and medium enterprises (formal or informal)

• Geography/Livelihood zone;
• Gender, age, disabilities, chronic diseases (for individuals, associations members, etc.);
• Head of household’s gender, age, disabilities, chronic diseases, dependency ratio (for households), and any other relevant criteria, such as urban/rural context, religious, ethnic or political identities;
• Wealth groups; Livelihood group (e.g. pastoralist, farmers, traders);
• Period to achieve the objective;

• Increase (number)

Both secondary and primary data collection can be used according to context.

• Baseline/Endline. If multiyear programme consider also a mid-term evaluation.
• Secondary data. Reliable/relevant sources from other actors, clusters or government (e.g. assessment information, reference to a normal situation).

Unit of Measurement: Population, but can also be households or productive organisations, or MSME. If percentage:

• Numerator: Number of target population that have diversified their sources of income.
• Denominator: Total number of target population

Data Collection methods:

• Secondary data analysis;
• Income records (MSME, productive organisation);
• Household surveys and focus group discussions;
• Key informant interviews.

• Livelihoods and Natural Resources Protection
• Income Generation Activities and Employment
• Primary production

- with income increase: X% of target small-scale livestock holders from Dawa region (from those Y% are women headed) diversify their income generation activities at the end of the project, increasing their net income by Z%. -without income increase: X% of target small-scale livestock holders from Dawa region (from those Y% are women headed) diversify at least the Z% of their income generation activities at the end of the project