• Outcome

• Survival and livelihoods protection threshold

Change of households´ coping strategies compared with post disaster levels, or baseline level, last year -same period-, normal year.

Reducing coping strategies indicates improved food security, recovery of livelihoods or income and food sources, less pressure on alternative coping strategies and improved resilience, and preserve people dignity.

Definitions:

• Coping Strategies : are mechanisms that people choose as a way of living through difficult times. They are usually set off by events affecting their livelihoods and way of living. Some coping strategies are not damaging to livelihoods and are easily reversible: for example, short-term dietary changes, migration of individuals for work, use of savings or solidarity networks. Other strategies may be damaging and tend to be harder to reverse: for example, sale of land, sale of ‘productive’ assets, early weddings, intensive use of wood from nearby areas causing deforestation, taking children out of school to make them work (child labour) or prostitution.

• Geography/Livelihood zone;
• Head of household’s gender, age, disabilities, chronic diseases, dependency ratio, and any other relevant criteria, such as urban/rural context, religious, ethnic or political identities;
• Wealth groups; Livelihood group (e.g. pastoralist, farmers, traders);
• Period to achieve the objective;

• Decrease (distance)

Both secondary and primary data collection can be used according to context.

• Baseline/Endline. If multiyear programme consider also a mid-term evaluation.

In slow-onset emergency, (if possible) frequency should be higher (on weekly, monthly basis) to ensure appropriateness of assistance.

• Secondary data. Reliable/relevant sources from other actors, clusters or government (e.g. assessment information, reference to a normal situation).

Unit of Measurement: Household.

If percentage:

• Numerator: Number of households that have reduced their coping strategies
• Denominator: Total number of target households

Data Collection methods:

• Secondary data analysis;
• Households survey;
• Focus group discussions, key informant interviews.

• Economic Security
• Livelihoods and Natural Resources Protection

At the end of the programme X% of target households (from those Y% are women-headed) in the agro-pastoralist area of Awsard reduce their coping strategies compared with baseline.